Intermediate

Prime editing writes any small edit directly into your genome — transversions, insertions, deletions — without cutting both DNA strands. This post covers the mechanism, PE2/PE3/PE7 variants, and when to choose prime editing over base editing or HDR.

Base editing converts a single nucleotide directly — no double-strand break, no donor template — with efficiencies that routinely outperform HDR in primary and non-dividing cells. This post covers how CBE and ABE work, the editing window, bystander edits, and when to choose base editing over Cas9+HDR or prime editing.

SpCas9 dominates CRISPR, but it has real constraints. Cas12a uses a T-rich PAM, cuts in a staggered fashion, processes its own guide RNAs, and opens up AT-rich targets Cas9 cannot reach. This post covers the full Cas12 family, the Cas12a mechanism, and a complete head-to-head comparison to help you choose the right tool.