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  • Choosing your CRISPR system and designing validated guides: an end-to-end walkthrough
    Published on
    April 16, 2026

    Choosing your CRISPR system and designing validated guides: an end-to-end walkthrough

    crispr-seriescrisprgene-editingintermediatehow-to
    You have a gene to edit. Should you use Cas9, Cas12a, or a Base Editor? This capstone post walks you through the entire workflow—from choosing the right molecular "scissors" for your target to designing and validating your final guides.
  • Multiple testing correction in R: what p.adjust is really doing to your p-values
    Published on
    April 14, 2026

    Multiple testing correction in R: what p.adjust is really doing to your p-values

    how-toRbioinformaticsr-seriesstatistics
    If you test 20,000 genes at once, you’ll get 1,000 "significant" results by chance alone. This post explains the Multiple Testing Problem and how to use the p.adjust() function in R to calculate False Discovery Rates (FDR) and protect your results.
  • How to make a gene expression heatmap in R (that actually looks good)
    Published on
    April 7, 2026

    How to make a gene expression heatmap in R (that actually looks good)

    how-toRbioinformaticsr-seriesrna-seq
    A table of log2 CPM values is hard to read. A heatmap fixes that — but the defaults are ugly. Here is how to build a publication-ready gene expression heatmap in R with pheatmap, including clustering, color palettes, and sample annotations.
  • Why your data needs normalization — and how to do it in R
    Published on
    March 31, 2026

    Why your data needs normalization — and how to do it in R

    how-toRbioinformaticsr-seriesrna-seq
    Raw counts from RNA-seq are not comparable across samples without normalization. Here is why that matters, what CPM and TPM actually do, and how to normalize in R.
  • From raw data to final figure: a complete R workflow for bench biologists
    Published on
    March 17, 2026

    From raw data to final figure: a complete R workflow for bench biologists

    how-toRbioinformaticsbeginnerr-series
    Six steps from raw CSV to a publication-ready figure with significance bars. A complete, copy-paste-ready R workflow using dplyr, ggplot2, and ggsignif — built on the qPCR dataset from Arc 1.
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